Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed the ability to identify changes in the body’s cells several years before they can progress into a tumor. Recently, they secured £11 million in funding for new research at the Early Cancer Institute focusing on diagnosing pre-cancerous lesions.
The latent period of cancer development can span years or even a decade before the disease manifests itself in patients. To uncover hidden symptoms, the experiment’s authors utilized a cytosponge – a sponge attached to a rope. This material is ingested like a regular pill and then expands in the stomach. Subsequently, doctors retrieve it, collecting esophageal cells along the way.
If a patient is at risk for esophageal cancer, cells containing a protein called TFF3 will indicate this. This component is exclusive to precancerous cells. Similar research methodologies are being applied to studying prostate cancer. Scientists successfully developed a biomarker for the early detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
“Our data demonstrates that these tests outperform existing PSA tests. They will be crucial for patients with advanced prostate cancer,” the study authors emphasized.
The ability to detect precancerous cells is pivotal for early diagnosis, enabling doctors to intervene promptly and implement measures to mitigate the risk of cancer progressing to later stages.